ABSTRACT
The article is devoted to the topic of economic planning at the state level. The historical excursus shows the origins of the planned economy elements on the example of three countries: Japan, India and France, as well as the evolution of its planned policy in the 20th century. The article provides a rationale for the relevance of planning, including as a tool to overcome market failures. The ESG agenda, in particular the issue of reducing the negative anthropological impact on the environment, is seen as one of the drivers for strengthening the role of planning.
ABSTRACT
Consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic have come as a major shock to all developed and developing economies. This occurred in a relatively short period of time. Even the collapse of 2008-2010, what was described as "subprime crises", seems to fade in comparison. This health crisis had seriously shaken the global economy and forced most governments to take measures to support economic activity that were considered exceptional at the time. These measures had moreover had significant consequences, either within emerging countries or within developed countries, and in particular in Europe. These consequences weighed on economic dynamics in the years that followed.